Automatic justifying typewriter



15 Sheet-Shet 1 Filed Dec. 21, 1945 Ill INVE TO AT'i'ORNEY June 5, 1951 R, DODGE 2,555,734

AUTOMATIC JUSTIFYING TYPEWRITER Filed Dec. 21, 1945 l5 Sheets-Sheet 2 INVENTOR M5 5, 1951 R. D. DODGE 2,555,734

AUTOMATIC JUSTIFYING TYPEWRITER Filed Dec. 21, 1945 15 Sheets-Sheet 3 .cr' 2 u.

' ATTORNEY June 5, 1951 R. D. DODGE AUTOMATIC JUSTIF'YING TYPEWRITER Filed Dec. 21, 1945 15 She ets-Sheet 4 O 0000 0000 O0 000 O 0000 000 O0 000 O O O 0 OOO OO O OO ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo O O O O0 O0 000 O O 0 000 O0 0000 GOO 00 COD O (360 O O 0 000 0O OO O OO O O0 00 0 000 000000 0 O O O O O INVENTOR ATTRNEY June 5, 1951 Filed Dec. 21, 1945 R. D. DODGE AUTOMATIC JUSTIF'YING TYPEWRITER 15 Sheec-Sheet s INVENTOR ATTORNEY June 5, 1951 R DODGE 2,555,734

AUTOMATIC JUSTIFYING TYPEWRITER Filed Dec. 21, 1945 15 Sheets-Sheet 6 ""W Q f we 3 ii m Q Q INVENTOR ATTORNEY AUTOMATIC JUSTIF'YING TYPEWRITER Filed De. 21, 1945 15 Sheets-$heet '7 INVENTOR ATTORNEY June 5, 1951 R. D. DODGE 2,555,734

AUTOMATIC JUSTIFYING TYPEWRITER Filed Dec. 21, 1945 15 Sheets-Sheet 8 FIG. 10.

' ATTORNEY June 5, 1951 R. D. DODGE AUTOMATIC JUSTIFYING TYPEWRITER 15 Sheets-Sheet 10 Filed Dec. 21, 1945 ATTORNEY QQm June 5, 1951 R. D. DODG E AUTOMATIC JUSTIFYING TYPEWRITER Filed Dec. 21, 1945 FIG. 18.

15 Sheets-Sheet 11 INVENTOR ATTO RN EY June 5, 1951 R. D. DODGE AUTOMATIC JUSTIF'YING TYPEWRITER l5 Sheets-Sheet 12 Filed Dec. 21, 1945 Nhhi jVENTOR A flj ATTORNEY 15 Sheets-Sheet 15 Filed Dec. 21, 1945 :6 k WE:

33 l 1 IL Nhv: Numb NmS xfiVE TOR BY ATTORNEY June 5, 1951 R. D DODGE AUTOMATIC JUSTIFYING TYPEWRITER l5 Sheets-Sheet l4 Filed Dec. 21, 1945 ATTORNEY Patented June 5, 195T UNITED STATES PATENT 3 34 AU'roMA'ric-J'us'i'IFYiNG TYPEWRITER Ronald D. nan-e, Poughke'epsie, ,N, Y., sei e to International Business Machines Corporation; New York, N. Y., a corporation of New York 50 Claims.

This invention relates to typewriters and other typographical machines. I I I The primary object of the lIlViil'ltiQIliStO pro vide an improved. justifying typewriter or typographical machine. I

An object is to provide a justifying typewriter or typographical machine Which is fully automatic in its operation. I

Another object is to provide a justifying typewriter which is automatically controlled, by line storage means of some kind, such as a code perforated tape.

An object is to provide automatic controlling means for a justifying typewriter. I

An object is to provide automatic justification computing means for a justifying typewriter or other typographical machine. II

An object is to provide justification computing means which is electrically controlled and operated.

An object is to provide an automatic justification computing means which is automatically set under control of designations in a line storage device of some kind, such as a perforated tape, in which the factors of justification, namely, line shortage and number of word spaces, are represented by suitable designating means such as code perforations. I I

An object is to provide error correction Ineans.

Another object is to provide novel controlling means for causing designations erroneously reg istered inthe storage device to be ignored inthe course of automatic operation of the typewriting machine. I

An object is to provide means for automatically controlling keyboard operated or controlled typographical machines such as typewriters, type setting and composing machines, and type casting machines.

An object is to provide automatic controlling means fora typographical machine, such'. as a justifying typewriter-,which permits operation of the machine as a simple automatic letter Writer without automatic justification.

An object is to provide a typographical machine capableof usefully employing the tape produced by copending application, Serial No. 636,524,.fi1ed December 21,1945, by RonaldD. Dodge, which matured into Patent .No. 2,540,027, January 30, 1951- .Q... Other objects of the invention will be pointed out in the followingdescription and claims I and illustrated in the accompanying drawings, which iscl s ywa f ampl t rimimepfth invention and the best mode, which, has been contemplated, of applying that principle.

. H '2 In the drawingsz t. I Fig. 1 is a front view of the tape sensing mech- I Fig. 2 is aplan view of the sensing mechanism withcover removed- I Fig. 3 is a vertical section on the line 3 -3 in Fig. 2. Fig. Fig. 3. F Fig.2. M Fig. 6 isa side elevation of one of the justiflcation control relays I I I Fig. '7 is an end view of one of the justification relays. I I I ,I Fig. 8 is a vertical section on the line 8-8 in V l Fig. 9 is a vertical section through the typewriting machine. I II Fig. 10 is a bottom .plan view,,of.the. power mechanism and escaper'nent selecting mechanisinj. Fig, 11 is a large scale View of the two-unit space bar cam unit. I I Fig. 121 is a specimen of. the tape showing the code perforations or a correctly typed line. v I,

Fig. 13. is aspeci'inenof the tape shc'iwing the code perforations for an incorrectly typed line and the corrections. I I I I Fig. 141 a large Scale detail view showing one of'the shift keys innormalposition. II Figs. 15 and 16 are viewssirnilar to Fig. l' ibut showingthe same shift key in two different stages of operation. Fig. 17 is a plan viewshowing.bothfshift'keys, Fig. 1'8 is timingcna'rt for the cans or one or the justification control relays.

igs. 19A to 19D together form a gram... H. I I I Fig. .20 is a specimen of the tape with tii complete code perforated therein.

4 is a vertical section on the line 4 4 in 5 is a vertical section on the line S 5 of wiring die ,The present invention employs control tape wliih et r t p ree e ns of the machin disclosed copending application, Serial 636,524,1ild Dece m ber 2 1, 19st, b y R. D., Dodge. ,Fi 20 SHOWS a nla ed pecimen eiih a e showingall of the code designationswhich may be perforated by the machine disclosed in said a l t n i 12 s w a pe imenoi he tens containing all of thecodedesignations relating to il rrectly type li e' e en- The tape disclcseddn Fig. l2 isIpassedthrqugh ta e i g i s iac smwhic is shqwni Fis li t i mechan m i s lf-rem i e driv imiti i iiid n a a tr s. on is in mi the vertical front plate 30 (Figs. 2 to 5) and a U-shaped frame 3| (Fig. 2) which are joined together by the bolts 32.

Secured to the main frame near the lower right and left hand corners (Fig. 1) of the front plate 36 are the supporting feet 33 which are secured to brackets 34. The brackets 34 are fastened to the main frame by means of the same bolts 32 as secure the members 3|] and 3! together. The rear corners of the frame member 3| (Fig. 2) are also provided with similar feet 33 fixed to the brackets 35 fastened to the frame 3|. Fixed to the top edge of the plate 33 (Fig. 4) is a shelf 36 which extends forwardly to provide a table over which the tape T passes. Fastened to the front edge of the plate 36 is a vertical frame plate 31 which is spaced from the plate 30 by means of the blocks 38, 39.

Rotatably mounted in suitable ball bearings 40 (Fig. 4), carried by the plates 35 and 31., is

the main shaft M to which is fixed. the large pulley 12 connected by a belt 43 to a small pulley 44 (Fig. 2) mounted on the shaft of the driving motor DM. This motor DM rotates continually while the automatic justifying system is in use. The tape T is fed by means of two sprocket wheels 45 (Figs. 2 and 3) which are secured to the shafts 46 journaled in suitable bearings carried by the plate 35 and by bracket extensions 356: formed in the plate 30. Fixed to the shafts 46 are the ratchet wheels 4'! (see Figs. 4 and 5 also) with which cooperate the feed pawls 48 pivoted on the rocking plates 49 which in turn are pivoted on the shafts 66. The pawls 48 are spring urged into engagement with the ratchets 51 at 'all times. Pivoted to the rocking plates 49 are the links 50 which are pivotally connected at their lower ends to a cam follower arm 5| having the roller 5la engaging a cam 52 carried by the main shaft M. The cam follower lever 5| is urged in a counterclockwise direction (Fig. 5) to maintain the roller fold in engagement with the cam 52 by the combined action of a spring 53 anchored to the follower 5i and springs 54 anchored to the rocking plates 49, the other ends of the springs 53, 54 being anchored to suitable pins carried by the framework.

It is evident that, since the cam 52 rotates continually in the direction of the arrow in Fig. 5, the plates 49 will be periodically oscillated and cause the ratchet wheels 4! to be rotated inter- I mittently in a counterclockwise direction (Fig. 5). The parts are so proportioned that the ratchet wheels 41 rotate one tooth space at a time, or the distance between two successive feed perforations on the tape T, per revolution of shaft 4!.

In order to hold the tape T steady when the code perforations therein are in alignment with the sensing pins, the ratchets 41 are provided with detent arms 55 (Fig. 5) pivoted at 55 to the plate 3!) and having rollers 55a engaging tooth spaces in the ratchets 41, the detents 55 being urged against the ratchets 41 by the tension spring 51. In order to prevent overthrow of the ratchets 47, there is provided a stop plate 58 (Fig. 5) which is secured to the top plate 36 and has two downwardly extending lugs 58a designed to be engaged by the pawls 48 at the end of their leftward stroke thus not only preventing further counterclockwise rotation of the plates 49, but also tending to jam the pawls 48 deeper into the tooth spaces of the ratchets 4'! and prevent overthrow in a well known way.

The screws 59 which secure the plate 58 to the'plate 36 also serve as a means of fastening a U-shaped plate 60 (Fig. 4) to the plate 36. The

side arms 60a of the plate 60 extend forwardly a spaced distance from the top surface of the plate 36 to enable the tape T to be passed under said side arms to the sprocket wheels as shown in Fig. 3. Secured to the arms a are the tape guides 6! which extend downwardly to the right as shown in Figs. 2 and 3 and are slotted to accommodate the teeth of sprockets 45 and prevent the tape from becoming disengaged from the sprocket teeth. For reasons which will be explained hereinafter, the tape is formed with a loop between the two sprockets 45 as best shown in Fig. 1. For the purpose of guiding the tape into alignment with the sprockets 45, the top surface of the table 36 is provided with a number of studs 52 (Figs. 2 and 4) which cooperate with the edges of the tape T.

Secured to the front face of the plate 30 by means of the bolts 32 are the brackets 63 for supporting the tape reels. The left hand bracket (Fig. 1) rotatably supports a tape reel comprising a flanged disk 64 to the top surface of which is secured an openwork reel core 65 having the inclined spoke members 65a over which is slipped the coil of tape 66 to be passed through the sensing mechanism. 7

The tape is led off of the coil 66 from the inside and it is for this reason that the spoked members 6501. are made convergent so as to loosely hold the coil of tape. From the reel 64 the tape is led through the open guide 61 secured to the top surface of the plate 36 near its left hand end and thence the tape is led to the right between the studs 62 and underneath the left side arm a of the plate 60.

The right hand bracket 63 (Fig. 1) is provided with a suitable bearing carrying a shaft 68 on which is mounted the separable reel 69 keyed in a suitable fashion to the shaft 68'so as to rotate therewith. To the rear end of the shaft 68 there is fastened a suitable pulley (not shown) connected by a belt Hi (Figs. 2 and 4) to a pulley II on the main shaft 4!. Thus the reel 59 constantly tends to turn in a clockwise direction (Fig. 1) while the motor DM is in operation. The tape passes from underneath the right hand arm 60a of plate 60 and underneath the right hand guide 5| (Fig. 2) to the reel 69. The drive of the reel 69 is the usual slipping drive which tends to overwind the reel and keep the tape T under light tension.

The holes in the tape are sensed by two substantially identical sensing mechanisms which are mounted underneath the plate 33 between the plates 30 and 31.

The main shaft 41 between the plates 30 and 31 (Fig. 4) is formed as a cam 72 with which cooperative twelve cam follower levers 13 (Fig. 3) arranged in two groups and pivoted on the bars 38, six of the cam follower levers 13 being associated with the left hand sprocket diwhile the other six are associated with the right hand sprocket, the levers 13 being staggered. Mounted on the blocks 39 are two sets of perforation sensing contacts designated JSCI to JSCB and CSCI to CSCB. The levers 73 are operatively connected to the contacts by means of the links 74 which are pivoted at their upper ends to the levers 13 and their lower ends are provided with insulating buttons 14a carrying extension pins which loosely project through holes in the longer members of the sensing contacts. Also pivotally connected to the levers 13 are the first or justifier sensing pins 15 and the second or character sensing pins 16 which extend upwardly ssens;

through suitable holes in the plate 36 registering with holes in the side arms 60a of the plate 60.

In the position of Fig. 3 the cam I2 is about to permit the lever 73 to rise under the stimulus of the spring tension in the longer members of the contacts JSCI to JSCB and CSCI to 05GB. There are six sensing pins 15 and six pins I6 arranged in a row transversely of the tape T and spaced to correspond with the six code positions of the perforations in the tape. With the levers I3 in the position of Fig. 3, the pins I5, I6 are fully withdrawn from the holes in'the tape to permit the tape to be fed by the ratchet wheels ll as described above. After the latter have advanced the tape the distancebetween two feed perforations, the cam I2 permitsthe pins IE to rise and, if any of the pins are blocked by the tape owing to there being no perforation present in the corresponding code position of the tape, such pins will remain in the positions shown in Fig. 3 and the corresponding contacts will remain open. If, however, there is a hole registering with a pin it or I such pin will pass through the hole in the tape and permit the contacts corresponding thereto to close. Thus, if there is a perforation in the 1 code position of the tape, the pin corresponding to the contacts JSCI will pass through the tape and permit said contacts to close when the portion of the tape containing said perforation is over the row of pins I5. Subsequently, the same perforation will cause the pin I6 corresponding to the contacts CSCI to rise and close said contacts. The perforations in the 2 and 5 positions, which represent the amount of justification required, are always sensed by the pins I5 and are ineffective when sensed by the pins 10. On the other hand, the code perforations designating the characters are ineffective when sensed by the pins I5 and effective when sensed by the pins I0.

Besides the perforation sensing contacts J SCI to J S06 and CSCI to CSCt, the tape sensing unit is provided with two additional pairs of contacts designated CSC'i, CSCO like the others but lacking pins I5, it. The main cam I2 operates to close contacts CSCl once per revolution of shaft AI slightly later than the sensing contacts, but contacts CSCB are operated by a second cam 720. (Fig. 4) to close these contacts after the contacts CSCi close and to open contacts 0800 before contacts CSC'I open.

In Figs. 6 to 8 there is shown one of the two justification control relays generally designated JRI, JR2 in Fig. 19B, which determine the spacing of the typewriter carriage in writing the justified copy. Two of these relays are used in alternation, one being set up under control of perforations in one line section of the tape while the other is being used to control the spacing of the typewriter durin the period in which the code representations of the characters on the next preceding line section of the tape are operative to cause the typewriter to type the line of characters represented by the code perforations. Since the relays are identical in construction only relay JRI will be described in detail herein.

The relay JRI comprises a frame I00 (Figs. 6 to 8) which is composed of a single strip of sheet metal bent at right angles at its ends to form a U-shaped frame as viewed in elevation (Fig. 6). The uprights I00a, [00b rotatably support two shafts designated IOI, I02 each of which is provided with a means of rotating it step-bystep. Since the rotating means are identical, only the one for the shaft I02 best shown in Fig. 7,

her I23 with a cam- I2I.

will be described in detail. Secured to the shaft l02'at its left hand or front end (Figs. 6 and '7) is a ratchet wheel I03 having 21 teeth with which cooperates a sprin detent I04 preventing counterclockwise rotation of the ratchet wheel I03. Loosely mounted on the shaft I02 between the ratchet wheel I03 and the collar I05 secured to the shaft I02 is a three-armed lever I00 of which the arm I06a is connected by a link ID! to the plunger I08 of the solenoid USI termed the units solenoid in the description of operation. The arm I001: has pivoted thereto a pawl I09 which always is spring-urged into engagement with the ratchet I03. The arm ||06b has anchored to it a spring H0 which urges the three-armed lever I06 in a clock-wise direction (Fig.7).

The arm I060 of the lever I06 has a pin I06d (Fig. 7) connected by a toggle spring II to a pin lI2a on one arm of a bell crank II2: pivoted at II3 to the upright I001). The other arm of the bell crank H2 is provided with an insulating button IIZa engaging the longer member of a pair of contact members generally designated USCI hereinafter to be termed the units solenoid contacts, holding said contacts closed when the parts are in the position of Fig. 7. In this figure the toggle spring III, acting on the bell crank II2, holds the arm carrying the insulating button II2a against an adjustable stop stud Ill. Counterclockwise rotation of bell crank II2 to an extent sufficient to permit the contacts USCI to open is limited by a second adjustable stop stud H5. Clockwise rotation of the lever IOB is limited by a pin H0 which engages the pawl I00 in a manner to jam it deeper into the teeth of ratchet HM and prevents overthrow of ratchet I03 in a well known way.

When the units solenoid USI is energized, the lever I00 is rocked counterclockwise (Fig. 7) an extent slightly less than two tooth spaces of the ratchet I03. This movement carries the arm I060 past a dead center position with. respect to the pins 211, IOGd and pivot II3, thereby causing the spring III to rotate the lever II2 counterclockwise against the stop pin II5 thus opening contacts USCI. Upon deenergization of the solenoid USI, the spring IIO rocks the lever I06 back to the position of Fig. 7. During this movement the pawl I03 engages the next succeeding tooth of ratchet I03 and rotates said ratchet one tooth space, this movement being limited by the pin 0. When the arm I060 passes the dead center position between pins "36d, II2a, the spring III rocks lever II2 back to the position of Fig. 7 into engagement with the stud H4, reclosing the contacts USC.

Substantially identical mechanism is provided at the opposite end of the frame on the upright I00a to rotate the spaces shaft IGI, a solenoid SSI (Fig. 6), termed the spaces solenoid, being provided for that purpose which operates contacts (not shown) designated SSCI in Fig. 19B. Secured to the shafts I0l, I02 are two series of II cams designated I20, I2I (Figs. 6 and 8), the cams being arranged in pairs with a common hub, the cams I20 being secured to the shaft IOI, while the cams IZI are secured to the shaft I02. Mounted between the two rows of cams I20, I2I are two series of contact members I22, I23 which are insulatably mounted on a cross-bar I24 mounted on the uprights IBM and "1% by means 'of brackets I25. Each contact member I22 is associated with a cam I20 and each mem- The members I22, I23

toward the matin contact 038.

:7 are .pairedaand provided .With contacts generally designated-CI :to-4lrespectively. The cams I20, I 2| are'arranged to urge their respective contact members 1:122, I 23. toward acontact closing position. Thus, in Fig. 8, rotation of the cam I20 forcontacts C38-sufiicientlyto bring the high point I20a thereof into engagement with contact member -I22 .will cause the latter to move one of the contacts C38 to the left a little more than half way toward the other contact C38. Correspondingly, the rotation of the cam I2I will urge the second contact member C38 to the right an extent a little more thanhalf way It is thus clear that rotation of both cams I20, I2I of a pair to a favorable position will result in closing the contact C38 but it will take both cams to effect this operation. ..The cams I20, I2I for contacts C2 the heavy black lines and rectangles indicate the lengths and relative positions of the high points. For example, the cam I20 corresponding to the contacts C2 mustbe rotated fourteen steps from .the ".01' home position before the high point .on the .said cam moves the related contact member..I22 of contacts C2 to thecircuitclosing position. .On the other hand, the cam I2I operating the other contact member 123 mustbe rotated seventeen steps of movement to move such contact into engagement with the first contact :and close the circuit therethrough. Theconitacts. C'l .are closedat the 0 position ofv both the cams I20, iI2I but are opened when cam I2I .moves one toothspace away from the 0 position. Contacts C30 are open when cams I20, I2'I are inzero position but are closed when either oneor-bothof the cams I20, I2I have moved one step from the 0 position. Contacts 040. are closed when the related cam I20 is moved one unit from the 0 position. while contacts C4I are closed when cam 'I2I is moved oneunitfrom the 0 position. The remainingcontacts C2 to C30 are closed and opened selectively according to the positions of their respective cams I20, I2I, it requirin a pair of the cams I20, I2I. in every case to close the corresponding contacts.

Relay JR B is similarly constructed and its related parts are designated US2, SS2, USC2, and SSC2 in Fig. 193.

Units solenoids USI, US2 are energized under control of the 2 holes in the tape as many times as such holes occur at the endof a section :of tape riage to'automatically justify .eachline will be r 8 described in detail :hereinafter at the-proper point.

It will be noted by reference to Fig. 18 that, when the cams I2I are stepped one tooth space away from the zero position, a large number-of.

contact -members I23 will be forced toward the closed contact position but, once the first step has been taken, only a few at a time of the contacts. are urged toward the closed position and such-movement is .usually accompanied by a simital cam I26 (Fig- 8) secured to the units shaft I02 and having a cam projection I2I3a. When the shaft I02 and the cams I2! are in the zero position, the projection I26a underlies a roller 12'! on an arm I20 pivoted at I29 in the frame upright 40Gb. The arm I23 is urged in a counterclockwise direction ('Fig. 8) by a fairly strong spring I30.

On the last step of restoring movement necessary to carry the cams I2I back to the zero position, the cam projection I2ia strikes the roller I2? and raises the arm I28 against the tension of the spring I30 and the projection 'I26atravels far enough so that the roller is about to travel down the trailing side of the projection I20a which is in a counterclockwise direction in Fig. '8. The spring I30 thus tends to press the roller 12? against the trailing side of the projection IZta and thereby tends to rotate the shaft I02 and cams 'IZI clockwise. This is prevented, however, 'by reason of the fact that the pawl I09 (Fig 7) is held in a tooth space of ratchet I03 and against the pin H6 by spring H0, thus locking the shaft I02 against rotation.

"When the first impulse is imparted to solenoid USI for thefirst step of rotation in setting 'the shaft-I02, the pawl I09 will be retracted and upon the deenergization of the solenoid USI, the spring IIO. will rotate the shaft I02 and cams I2I one tooth space. This movement will be assisted by the spring I owing to the fact that the roller 127 is pressing on the trailing sideof projection .I26a in a manner tending to cam the projection I20a in a clockwise direction.

The spring I30 is .not powerful enough to rotatethe shaft I02 of its own accord but is of just 'sufiicient tensionltoprevent overloading the magnet USI for the first step of movement. On the last, step ofmovement in resetting the shaft I02, it will. be noted in Fig. 18 that a large number of the contacts 523 will be moving into the dwells in the, cams I2I and thereby will tend to urge the cams I2I clockwise (Fig. 8) and assist the spring H0 in counteracting the spring I30 thus enabling the lifting of the arm E28 to position the roller I27 in proper relation to the projection I20a in readiness for another sequence. of operations. This mechanism is not requiredfor the shaft IOI since only a few'of themembers I22 are moved to closed position at any one time.

The typewriter may be similar to the one disclosed in Patent No. 2,224,766 which discloses a var-iable spacing typewriter in whichthe characters are spaced according to theirwidths. Since the'machine is substantially the same in general construction only a very brief description will be .given herein. The .usualucharacter keys are designated, 20min 9 and control the cam units 20! which are operatively coupled to the power roller 202 in a Well known way whenever a character key is depressed, thereby actuating one of the type bars 203 through a link 2114, a sublever 265, a link 266, and a toggle link 261.

Each cam unit 26! is connected by a link 266 to a selector bar 269 (Figs. 9 and pivoted on the rod 256. The selector bars 269 are provided with one or more lugs 269a by means of which the bails 21! may be selectively actuated as in Patent No. 2,224,766, according to the positions of the lugs on the levers 209. The bails 2H are individually connected to levers 2l2 as in Patent No. 2,224,766 which levers in turn are connected by links 2l3 to the members which couple the individual escapement mechanisms to the escapement operating slide 2l4. Thus, whenever a key 206 is depressed, the mechanism functions as in the patent to pull down one or more of the links 223 and cause the escapements to be actuated selectively and in combination according to the idth of the character corresponding to the depressed key.

In the present case supplemental means are provided for pulling down the links 2| 3 selectively and consists of the solenoids WSZ, WS3, W84 which are associated with the links 2I3 corresponding to the escapements which produce 2, 3, 4 units of spacing respectively. In order to enable the solenoids WSZ, W83, W84 to pull down the links 2!.3, the latter are provided with fixed collars 2l5 (Fig. 9) over which extend slotted plates ZIB individually secured to the plungers of the solenoids, whereby the energization of each solenoid actuates the link 2l3 corresponding thereto downwardly and couples the related escapement mechanism to the slide 284. The slide 2! is operated by the usual universal bar 2!! through a link 2I8 and lever 2!!! as in Patent No. 2,224,766. The numerals in the designations WSZ, W83, W54 denote the number of units of spacing produced when the solenoids are energized.

The machine is equipped with two space bars designated SE1, SE2 which cause the carriage to be spaced two and three units of spacing, respectively. These space bars are attached to key levers designated sBl, SB2 in Figs. 9 and 11 which control cam units 230, 23! (Fig. 11) similar to the cam units Bill which actuate the type bars 263. The cam unit 230 is provided with an extension 236a cooperating with the contacts WSCI, WSC2 so as to close said contacts when.- ever this cam unit is rendered operative by depressing the 2-units space bar SBl. The cam units 236, 23! are connected by links 232, 233 to two similar levers 234, 235 pivoted on the rod 236 which pivots the keys 260 and sub-levers 265. The cam units 230, 23! are located at opposite ends of the power roller 202 and the levers 234. 265 corresponding thereto are connected by links 237, 238 (see Fig. 9 also) to arms 239, 240' secured to coaxial shafts 24l journaled in the framework. The shafts 241 abut near the center of the machine at which point they are separate- 1y provided with arms 242, 243 located side by Arm 242 enables the cam unit 230 for the 2unit space bar SB! to operate the slide 214 as in Patent No. 2,224,766.

Pivoted to the arm 243 in Fig. 11 is a slide 244 which is supported and guided by a suitable slot therein through which passes a shouldered stud 245 carried by the framework of the machine. The slide 244 has an extension 244a which projects upwardly and to the rear of the dog 246 10 pivoted for vertical movement on the dog rocker plate 247 of the escapement which causes three units of spacing when rocked horizontally as described in Patent No. 2,244,766. The central link 2! 3 in Fig. 9 is pivoted at its upper end to dog 246 and may be pulled down to couple dog 246 to the slide 2|4, as in said patent, for the pur pose of operating the B-unit escapement when characters are printed. The extension 2440. is so shaped that it does not interfere with drawing of the dog 246 downwardly in selecting an escapement for operation when characters are printed.

When the Z-unit space bar SB! is depressed by the typist, the cam unit 230 is rendered operative by power roller 202 and, besides closing the contacts WSCI, WSCZ (Fig. 11) rocks clockwise the lever 234 thereby, through link 237, rocking the arms 239, 242 (Fig. 9) and the corresponding shaft 24! in the opposite direction. This operates lever 2].! and the slide 2| 4 as in Patent No. 2,224,766.

It is apparent that, by selectively coupling the escapements to the slide 2|4, it is possible to obtain a variety of different spacings when .the space bar SBI is operated, ranging from a minimum of two units to a maximum of nine units. This is used to enable justification of the typed line by increasing the spacing through the medium of suitable selecting means for the solenoids W82, W83, and W84. This selecting function is performed by the justification control relays and the manner in which it is effected will be made clear hereinafter.

When the 3-unit space bar S32 is depressed, the cam unit 23! is rendered operative by the power roller 262 to draw down the link 233 and rock the lever 235 clockwise. This draws the link 238 to the right and similarly rocks the arms 246, 243 and the associated shaft 24 in the same direction thereby drawing the slide 244 to the right and operating the 3-unit escapement through the extension 244a,

The machine is provided with two shift keys, designated SKI, SK2 (Figs. 14 to 17) of which the key SKI is used to effect the shift of the type basket in the usual way whereas the key SK2 is used to release the key SKI in the event it has been locked down by means of the shift. lock key SLK. The shift lock key SLK is formed with two lugs 360a which are part of a plate Sill) forming the body of the key. These lugs 366a loosely embrace the edges of the lever 36! which carries both the shift key SK! and the shift lock key SLK. The plate 360 is formed with a vertical slot 30017 through which passes a stud sum carried by the lever 30!. The plate 360 is also provided with a pin 3660 which extends through the plane of the lever Sill into the plane of a latch 362 having a vertical slot embracing the stud saw. The latch 362 has a latching shoulder 362a normally located to the left (Fig. 14) of a latch lug 363a formed in a fixed latch plate 363, the latch and key SLK being held in this position by a spring 364 anchored to the latch and to the key 30!. Key lever 3M is held in the position of Fig. 14 by the usual key lever spring (not shown). The latch 362 has an extension 3626 which extends upwardly to the right into engagement with a crank 365a formed in the crank shaft 305 which is suitably journalled in the framework. The key lever 3M 7 also has a hook shaped extension 36th which underlies the crank 365a. The crank shaft 365 is provided with a similar crank 3051) under- 

